Japan National Pension Exemption 2026: Can’t Pay 17,920 Yen a Month?

Checked on 23 September 2026 against the Japan Pension Service’s pages on exemption and deferral, application periods, enforcement, late charges and the lump-sum withdrawal payment, the National Pension Act (e-Gov), and the Immigration Services Agency’s guidelines for status renewal and permanent residence. On 9 October 2026 the Japan Pension Service pages on joining, exemption, application periods, premiums, enforcement, late charges, back-payment, the childcare exemption, online applications, the lump-sum withdrawal payment and the enrolment helpline, the two Immigration guidelines, and the National Tax Agency page on the employment-income deduction were reopened, and the figures and periods were unchanged.

Knowing this, you can decide today whether to pay, apply for an exemption or deferral, and avoid leaving the kind of unpaid record that follows you into a visa renewal.

A month after you left your job, a National Pension payment slip arrives: 17,920 yen. Your unemployment benefit has not come through yet. You ask a Japanese friend what happens if you just don’t pay it, and they are not sure. If they work for a company, the pension comes out of their salary, and they may never have paid one of these slips themselves.

This guide is for foreign residents who are not students: people between jobs, people on low income from part-time or freelance work, people living with family. If you are a student, read the student pension deferral guide instead — it is a different system.

Is the National Pension mandatory for foreigners in Japan?

Yes. The Japan Pension Service says that everyone living in Japan aged 20 to 59 who is not in the Employees’ Pension becomes a category 1 or category 3 insured person. Its English guidance puts it directly: all residents of Japan between 20 and 59, “regardless of nationality”, must be covered. The National Pension Act’s definition of who is covered (Article 7) says nothing about nationality.

Category 1 is the group that pays on its own. That includes:

• People who left a job and have not started the next one
• Freelancers and the self-employed, and part-timers whose hours do not put them into company social insurance
• People whose spouse is not a company employee (self-employed, not working), or who are not their spouse’s dependant

If you are in the Employees’ Pension at work, the National Pension part is already inside what comes out of your pay, so no slip arrives (how the Employees’ Pension works). A dependent spouse of a company employee is category 3 and pays nothing directly. People from a country with a social security agreement may be exempt from joining.

After leaving a job, you switch to the National Pension at your city office within 14 days of the day after your last day. The whole checklist is in leaving a job in Japan as a foreigner.

How much is the National Pension in 2026?

From April 2026 to March 2027 the premium is 17,920 yen a month (Japan Pension Service, National Pension premiums (Japanese)). Each month is due at the end of the following month — April’s premium by the end of May. You can pay at a bank, post office or convenience store, by direct debit, by credit card or through a smartphone app. You cannot pay at the city office counter.

A year comes to 215,040 yen. With a partial exemption, you pay this much instead:

Level	You pay per month (FY2026)
No exemption	17,920 yen
One-quarter exemption	13,440 yen
Half exemption	8,960 yen
Three-quarters exemption	4,480 yen
Full exemption or deferral	0 yen

A partial exemption only counts if you pay the reduced amount. If you don’t, that month is simply unpaid. Which level you get depends on last year’s income.

National Pension exemption quick reference: what each choice changes (FY2026)

The five routes for people who cannot pay, and doing nothing, on one page. The sources are the Japan Pension Service pages on exemption and deferral and on the lump-sum withdrawal payment.

Choice	You pay per month	Income line (last year; you, spouse, household head)	Effect on your future pension	Months counted for the lump-sum refund
No exemption (pay in full)	17,920 yen	—	Full	1 month
One-quarter exemption	13,440 yen	1,680,000 yen + dependants’ and social insurance deductions	7/8	3/4 of a month
Half exemption	8,960 yen	1,280,000 yen + the same deductions	6/8	1/2 of a month
Three-quarters exemption	4,480 yen	880,000 yen + the same deductions	5/8	1/4 of a month
Full exemption	0 yen	(dependants + 1) x 350,000 yen + 320,000 yen	1/2	Not counted
Deferral (age 20 to 49)	0 yen	The same formula; only you and your spouse are checked	Nothing added	Not counted
Unpaid with no application	17,920 yen still owed	—	Nothing added	Not counted

Exempted and deferred months count toward the ten-year qualifying period for a pension; unpaid months do not. In a partial exemption, only the months in which you pay the reduced amount are treated as exempted. For the payment conditions of disability and survivors’ pensions, exempted and deferred months are also treated separately from unpaid ones. People who count as disabled persons, widows or single parents under the local tax law have a different income line, so ask the pension office or your city office.

What is a National Pension exemption? Four levels and a deferral

There are five official routes for people who cannot pay. Each one works only after you apply and it is approved. That includes foreign residents on welfare: unlike Japanese nationals, they do not get the automatic statutory exemption and apply for a full exemption instead.

An exemption — full, three-quarters, half or one-quarter — still adds something to your future pension for the part you did not pay, because half of the basic pension is funded from taxes. Even a fully exempted month is worth half of a paid month.

The deferral is only for people aged 20 to 49. It means “pay later”: the month does not raise your pension unless you pay it afterwards. In exchange, only your own and your spouse’s income is checked, not the household head’s. If a household head’s income blocks your exemption, a deferral may still go through.

Both exempted and deferred months count toward the ten years you need to receive a pension at all. Unpaid months do not, and that is the biggest reason to apply rather than ignore the slip.

If you have a baby, a new scheme started on 1 October 2026. A category 1 parent of a child under one can file a notification and be exempted regardless of income, and those months count as paid (the childcare exemption; Japan Pension Service, childcare exemption (Japanese)). Residence permit fees, the minimum wage and the social insurance pay test changed on the same day; five quick questions show which of the 1 October changes affect you.

Who qualifies? The income lines

The check is on last year’s income of you, your spouse and your household head. “Income” here means earnings minus expenses or the employment-income deduction, not your gross pay. The lines are (Japan Pension Service, exemption and deferral (Japanese)):

• Full exemption and deferral: (number of dependants + 1) × 350,000 yen + 320,000 yen
• Three-quarters: 880,000 yen + deductions for dependants + social insurance deductions, etc.
• Half: 1,280,000 yen + the same deductions
• One-quarter: 1,680,000 yen + the same deductions

Living alone with no dependants, the full-exemption line is 670,000 yen of income. With one dependant it is 1,020,000 yen. If your only income was a salary, the 2025 employment-income deduction is 650,000 yen for pay up to 1.9 million yen (National Tax Agency), so 670,000 yen of income is roughly 1.32 million yen of pay (670,000 + 650,000).

The full-exemption line (the deferral uses the same line) by number of dependants is the formula above with the number filled in:

Number of dependants	Income line for full exemption or deferral
0 (living alone)	670,000 yen
1	1,020,000 yen
2	1,370,000 yen
3	1,720,000 yen

Three things people count wrong:

• An exemption “year” runs from July to the following June. The months from July 2026 to June 2027 are judged on your 2025 income
• A spouse or household head with a higher income can block the exemption even if your own income is zero
• If you did not file a tax return in Japan for last year, file a resident-tax declaration at the city office first, even with zero income (the same reason the health insurance reduction needs one)

If you lived abroad on 1 January of the year that is checked, write the country and the date you moved to Japan in the “special notes” box of the form.

Lost your job? The special exemption that ignores last year’s income

For people who lost their job, there is a special exemption for unemployment. If the fact that you are out of work can be confirmed on paper, you can get an exemption or deferral regardless of last year’s income.

If you were in employment insurance, attach a copy of one of these:

• The separation notice from your employer (koyo hoken hihokensha rishokuhyo)
• The eligibility card or eligibility notice from Hello Work (koyo hoken jukyu shikakusha sho / jukyu shikaku tsuchi)

The exemption can start from the month before you became unemployed. Your unemployment date is the day after your last day of work.

Two catches. If you have a spouse or a household head, they must also meet the income line or fall under the same special rule. And the special exemption has to be applied for again the next year; it does not roll over automatically the way a full exemption or deferral can.

You can use it while receiving unemployment benefit. Check when the first unemployment payment arrives, and keep the pension from eating into the gap.

How to apply, and how far back you can go

Any of these four is fine:

• The National Pension counter at your city or ward office
• Your nearest pension office (nenkin jimusho)
• By post, with the documents
• Online through Mynaportal (you need a My Number Card)

Bring the application form for exemption or deferral and either your Basic Pension Number Notice or your My Number Card. Without the card, bring something showing your My Number plus ID such as your residence card. For the unemployment rule, add the copy of your separation papers. Proof of income is normally not needed.

You can apply for any month whose payment deadline was less than two years ago — in practice, up to two years and one month before the day you apply (Japan Pension Service, how far back you can apply (Japanese)). After two years, a month is time-barred and can no longer be exempted. The longer you wait, the more months drop off the back end.

From today (9 October 2026), the last day to apply for the oldest months, taken from the Japan Pension Service table. Each time the month changes, the oldest month drops off.

Premium month	Payment deadline	Last day to apply for exemption
September 2024	31 October 2024	30 October 2026 (Fri)*
October 2024	2 December 2024	2 December 2026 (Wed)
November 2024	6 January 2025	6 January 2027 (Wed)
December 2024	31 January 2025	29 January 2027 (Fri)*
January 2025	28 February 2025	26 February 2027 (Fri)*
February 2025	31 March 2025	31 March 2027 (Wed)

*Where the day two years after the deadline falls on a holiday, an application at the counter or by post must be accepted by the business day before. Months up to August 2024 were time-barred after 30 September. Later months are in the same Japan Pension Service table.

One form covers one year, July to the following June. To go back several years, file one form per year. A month that was rejected before can sometimes be applied for again — for example if a tax correction changed your income, if you divorced or the household head changed, or if the unemployment rule was refused because the application was late. Ask the pension office. People who joined voluntarily cannot apply for an exemption. People receiving a disability basic pension are placed under a separate statutory exemption and file a different notification.

If language is the problem, the Japan Pension Service’s National Pension line is 0570-003-004, with free interpreters in English, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Thai, Nepali and Burmese. Say your language first. From a phone number starting with 050, call 03-6630-2525 (Japan Pension Service, enrolment helpline (Japanese); call charges apply).

What happens if you leave it unpaid?

In a tight month, the pension slip goes into a drawer. Where you come from, skipping pension contributions may never come back to you. In Japan, an unpaid National Pension moves on to reminders, late charges and seizure of assets, and it is looked at in visa renewals and permanent residence reviews.

First come reminder calls and letters; the Japan Pension Service uses private contractors for these (Japan Pension Service, compulsory collection (Japanese)). If you can pay but keep not paying, a final notice arrives, and then a formal demand letter.

If the demand letter’s deadline passes, your assets can be seized. It is not only you. By law, the household head and your spouse are jointly liable for your premiums, so they receive demand letters too and their assets can be seized as well.

Paying after the demand letter’s deadline adds a late charge, counted from the day after the original due date. For 2026 the rate is 2.8% a year for the first three months and 9.1% after that. In the Japan Pension Service’s own late-charge example (Japanese), April 2026’s premium paid on 1 October carries a 250 yen charge.

The heavier cost is not money. If an illness or accident leaves you disabled and there are unpaid months in the year up to two months before your first doctor’s visit, or if paid and exempted months make up less than two-thirds of the insured period before that, you may not get the disability basic pension. Exempted months count on the “paid” side; unpaid months do not. Applying for an exemption after the accident does not fix that.

Does unpaid pension affect a visa renewal or permanent residence?

It can. The Immigration Services Agency’s guideline for changes of status and renewals (revised June 2026) says that large or long-running arrears of payments required by law, “such as National Health Insurance premiums”, are treated as a negative factor where they are serious. The same revision added a note that Immigration may decide using payment information it receives from other agencies.

The permanent residence guideline is more direct. It lists “payment of public pension and public medical insurance premiums” among the public duties, and says that paying late, even if everything is paid by the time you apply, is in principle viewed negatively. A Japan Pension Service leaflet for foreign residents also warns that skipping the procedure can affect status renewals.

Is an exemption safe, then? No Immigration document says “an exemption is fine”. What is certain is that the pension record treats exempted and deferred months as a separate category from unpaid ones. For the permanent residence revocation system starting in April 2027, the guideline adopted on 1 October 2026 (unchanged from the draft) lists being on instalments or a deferral as a case that does not qualify (when permanent residency can be revoked).

The downside of an exemption: a smaller pension and refund

An exemption beats unpaid, but it is not the same as paying. Forty years fully paid gives an old-age basic pension of 847,300 yen a year; forty years fully exempted gives 423,650 yen (Japan Pension Service, FY2026 examples, Japanese).

You can close the gap with catch-up payments (tsuino). Exempted or deferred months can be paid within ten years. One year of catch-up raises the future pension by about 10,000 yen a year for fully exempted months, or about 20,000 yen for deferred months. The basis: 40 paid years give 847,300 yen a year, a fully exempted month already counts as half, and a deferred month counts as zero (Japan Pension Service, FY2026), so one paid year is worth about 21,200 yen a year (847,300 / 40). From the third fiscal year after approval, a surcharge is added.

If you may leave Japan, look at the lump-sum withdrawal payment as well. It counts paid months and partially exempted months only (a one-quarter exemption counts as three-quarters of a month, half as a half, three-quarters as a quarter). Fully exempted and deferred months are not counted at all, and neither are unpaid ones.

If your last premium was paid in FY2026, the refund is 53,760 yen for every six months, up to 537,600 yen for 60 months. You need at least six countable months and must claim within two years of no longer having an address in Japan.

Which one are you?

1. You left your job and have nothing lined up — switch to the National Pension at the city office within 14 days of the day after your last day, and apply for the unemployment exemption at the same counter. Today: make a copy of your separation notice.
2. Your income is low and 17,920 yen a month is too much — check last year’s income on your withholding slip or resident-tax notice and see which line you fall under. If you never declared it, start with the resident-tax declaration. Today: pick up the form at the city office’s pension counter, or open Mynaportal.
3. You already have unpaid months — anything within two years and one month can still be put forward for exemption. If a demand letter has arrived, contact the pension office before its deadline. Today: call 0570-003-004 and ask which months are unpaid.
4. You expect to go home within a few years — months you pay, or partially pay under a partial exemption, count toward the lump-sum refund; fully exempted and deferred months do not. Today: write down your planned leaving date and how many months you have paid.

FAQ

Q. Do foreigners have to pay the National Pension in Japan?

Yes. Everyone living in Japan aged 20 to 59 is covered regardless of nationality. If you are not in a company’s Employees’ Pension, you pay 17,920 yen a month yourself in FY2026. If you cannot, you can apply for an exemption or a deferral.

Q. What income do I need to be under for a National Pension exemption?

It depends on last year’s income of you, your spouse and your household head. For a full exemption the line is (dependants + 1) × 350,000 yen + 320,000 yen, which is 670,000 yen of income for a single person with no dependants. The three-quarters, half and one-quarter lines are 880,000, 1.28 million and 1.68 million yen plus deductions.

Q. Can I get a National Pension exemption after losing my job?

Yes, there is a special exemption that ignores last year’s income. Apply with a copy of your separation notice or your Hello Work eligibility card. A spouse or household head must also meet the income line or the same special rule, and you need to reapply each year.

Q. How far back can I apply for a National Pension exemption?

Up to two years and one month before the day you apply. Months more than two years past their due date are time-barred. You can apply at the city office, a pension office, by post or through Mynaportal.

Q. Will unpaid National Pension affect my visa renewal?

It can. Immigration’s renewal guideline treats serious, large or long-running arrears of legally required payments as a negative factor, and the permanent residence guideline names public pension premiums as a public duty that must be met on time.

Q. Does an exemption reduce my lump-sum withdrawal payment?

Yes. Only paid months and partially exempted months count; fully exempted and deferred months do not. If you make catch-up payments within ten years, those months count as paid.

National Pension deadlines and how months are counted: one-page list

The deadlines and counting rules in this article, with the official page each one was checked against.

What to do	Deadline or how it is counted	Official page checked
Switch after leaving a job	Within 14 days of the day after your last day, at your city office, to category 1	JPS, how to join the National Pension (Japanese)
Pay the premium	End of the month after the premium month; if that is a holiday, the next business day of financial institutions	JPS, National Pension premiums (Japanese)
Apply for exemption or deferral	Two years from the payment deadline (up to two years and one month before you apply)	JPS, periods you can apply for (Japanese)
The exemption “year”	July to the following June. July 2026 to June 2027 is judged on 2025 income; applications from July 2026	Same page
Unemployment special rule	From the month before you lost the job; you must apply again the next year	Same page
Pay back exempted or deferred months	Within 10 years of the approved month; a surcharge is added from the third year on	JPS, back-payment of premiums (Japanese)
Late charges after a demand letter	Counted from the day after the deadline. In 2026: 2.8% a year for the first three months, 9.1% after	JPS, late charges (Japanese)
Claim the lump-sum withdrawal payment	Within two years of leaving Japan (no address in Japan). Only paid months and partly exempted months count	JPS, lump-sum withdrawal payment (Japanese)
Childcare exemption notification	From 1 October 2026; category 1 parent of a child under one; as soon as you qualify	JPS, childcare exemption (Japanese)
Apply online	Exemption and deferral through Mynaportal (My Number Card)	JPS, online applications for individuals (Japanese)

Summary

If you live in Japan, are between 20 and 59 and are not in a company’s Employees’ Pension, you pay the National Pension yourself: 17,920 yen a month in FY2026. If you cannot, apply for one of the four exemption levels or the deferral based on last year’s income — or, if you lost your job, the unemployment exemption. You can go back two years and one month.

The one thing to avoid is doing nothing. Unpaid months bring demand letters and late charges, seizure that can reach your spouse and household head, the risk of losing a disability pension, and a record Immigration can look at. An exemption costs you part of your pension and refund, but leaving it unpaid costs more, and that cost cannot be undone later.

Official sources: Japan Pension Service, exemption and deferral of National Pension premiums (Japanese) / JPS, periods you can apply for (Japanese) / JPS, National Pension premiums (Japanese) / JPS, childcare exemption (Japanese; checked 1 October 2026) / JPS, entering Japan (English) / JPS, enforced collection (Japanese) / JPS, late charges (Japanese) / JPS, lump-sum withdrawal payment (Japanese) / JPS, consultations in multiple languages / JPS, enrolment helpline (Japanese) / JPS, back-payment (Japanese) / JPS, online applications (Japanese) / JPS, how to join (Japanese) / Immigration Services Agency, guideline on change of status and renewal (Japanese) / ISA, permanent residence guideline (Japanese). Checked on 23 September 2026. Confirm with your city office or pension office before you apply.

Related reading

• If you just left a job and want the two-week checklist for immigration, insurance and pension → Leaving a Job in Japan as a Foreigner: What to Do in 14 Days
• If you want to know how much of your pension you get back → Lump-Sum Withdrawal Payment Japan 2026: How Much You Get Back
• If you hold or want permanent residency and worry about unpaid pension or tax → Can Permanent Residency Be Revoked in Japan? The 2027 Rules

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